What primarily differentiates rifles, shotguns, and handguns?

The primary differentiating factors between rifles, shotguns, and handguns are the barrels and the types of ammunition they use. Each of these firearm categories is designed for specific shooting purposes and utilizes unique barrel configurations and ammunition types that impact their performance and handling.

Rifles typically have longer, rifled barrels designed to stabilize a single projectile (bullet) while providing accuracy over long distances. The ammunition used in rifles is usually high-velocity cartridges that fit tightly into the chamber, enhancing the rifle’s ability to shoot at longer ranges.

Shotguns, on the other hand, have smooth barrels and are often designed to fire multiple projectiles (shot) simultaneously, which spreads out to increase the chance of hitting moving targets. Shotgun ammunition consists of shells containing pellets or slugs, which creates a different ballistic effect compared to rifle cartridges.

Handguns, being smaller and designed for one-handed use, have shorter barrels than rifles or shotguns. They can fire a variety of ammunition types—including both single bullets and sometimes shotshells—but most commonly use specific cartridges designed for precision at shorter ranges.

Understanding these differences in barrels and ammunition is crucial for safe handling, accurate shooting, and selecting the right firearm for the intended purpose.