What do food, water, cover, and space collectively make up for an animal?

Food, water, cover, and space collectively make up what is known as a habitat for an animal. A habitat refers to the specific area where an organism lives, which provides all the necessary elements for its survival and reproduction. This includes the resources required for feeding, the availability of water, shelter or concealment from predators, and adequate space to move and interact with other organisms.

While territory can refer to the area that an animal defends from others of the same species, and range involves the geographical distribution of a species, these terms do not encompass all the life-sustaining elements that define an animal’s habitat. The environment generally describes the broader surroundings, which can include both biotic and abiotic factors but does not specifically focus on the specific needs of an individual animal. Therefore, the most accurate term that embodies the essential components necessary for an animal's survival is habitat.